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Authy 密钥导出到其他 2FA 两步验证软件

Tips Sep 9, 2021

一般来说各个网站用的 2FA 都是那套标准的 otpauth://totp 协议头，并且每 30 秒生成随机六位数，可以用任意支持 2FA 的软件手动输入密钥或者扫二维码导入进去，比如 1Password，LastPass，Bitwarden，Google Authenticator 这些。但是就有某些厂商头铁，非得用非标准实现，比如 SendGrid 非得用 Authy，绑定方式也很奇葩，只要绑定的手机号和 Authy 注册手机号一致，就可以在 Authy 看到这条验证码。完全不给二维码，也不给密钥，也就是说以标准流程只能在 Authy 获得 2FA 的码。

搜索一番发现还是有办法绕过的，漏洞就在于 Electron 的 debug 模式，在 app 运行的时候加入一个 --remote-debugging-port=5858 参数，即可调用 Chrome 的控制台然后做任何想做的事情。但是有一个问题需要注意，Authy 在某些情况下，默认的随机数是 7 位，也就是说这套协议不是标准的 otpauth 实现，所以最终的方案有部分取舍，比如部分 2FA 认证器不支持这套协议，再比如默认时间从 20 秒变成 10 秒。10 秒内手动输入还是有点压力的我通常使用 cmd + \ 自动填充。

已知的支持 Authy 7 位随机数验证的软件有：

  • 1Password (macOS, iOS, Android)
  • LastPass
  • Bitwarden
  • KeepassXC
  • Keepass2Android

如果你不确定你的软件可不可以，可以扫描如下二维码，看看是否正常运行。

具体步骤

具体破解步骤如下：

  1. 下载安装 macOS 或者 Windows 版的 Authy
  2. 登录成功后确保你要导出的条目存在
  3. 关闭 Authy，并且启动的时候加上一个参数 --remote-debugging-port=5858
    1. macOS 可以运行命令 open -a "Authy Desktop" --args --remote-debugging-port=5858
    2. Windows 可以右键点击图标，在目标值里面输入 --remote-debugging-port=5858
    3. Linux 下直接运行 authy --remote-debugging-port=5858
  4. 用 Chrome 或者其他浏览器打开 http://localhost:5858
  5. 点击 Inspectable WebContents 下方的 Twilio Authy 链接
  6. 想办法打开 main.html 这个文件（看地址栏）
  7. 在 Console 里面运行如下代码，即可生成一个二维码，或者看到与之对应的密钥
  8. 扫码或者输入密钥到其他 2FA 工具即可
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t,e,i=this.width;for(e=0;e<i;e++)for(t=0;t<=e;t++)this.buffer[t+i*e]&&this._setMask(t,e)}},{_createArray:function(t){var e,i=[];for(e=0;e<t;e++)i[e]=0;return i},_getMaskBit:function(t,e){var i;return t>e&&(i=t,t=e,e=i),i=e,i+=e*e,i>>=1,i+=t},_modN:function(t){for(;t>=255;)t=((t-=255)>>8)+(255&t);return t},N1:3,N2:3,N3:40,N4:10}),p=v,m=f.extend({draw:function(){this.element.src=this.qrious.toDataURL()},reset:function(){this.element.src=""},resize:function(){var t=this.element;t.width=t.height=this.qrious.size}}),g=h.extend(function(t,e,i,n){this.name=t,this.modifiable=Boolean(e),this.defaultValue=i,this._valueTransformer=n},{transform:function(t){var e=this._valueTransformer;return"function"==typeof e?e(t,this):t}}),k=h.extend(null,{abs:function(t){return null!=t?Math.abs(t):null},hasOwn:function(t,e){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,e)},noop:function(){},toUpperCase:function(t){return 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e=B.get("element",this),i=y.getService("element"),n=e&&i.isCanvas(e)?e:i.createCanvas(),s=e&&i.isImage(e)?e:i.createImage();this._canvasRenderer=new c(this,n,!0),this._imageRenderer=new m(this,s,s===e),this.update()},{get:function(){return B.getAll(this)},set:function(t){B.setAll(t,this)&&this.update()},toDataURL:function(t){return this.canvas.toDataURL(t||this.mime)},update:function(){var t=new p({level:this.level,value:this.value});this._canvasRenderer.render(t),this._imageRenderer.render(t)}},{use:function(t){y.setService(t.getName(),t)}});Object.defineProperties(O.prototype,{canvas:{get:function(){return this._canvasRenderer.getElement()}},image:{get:function(){return this._imageRenderer.getElement()}}});var A=O,L=h.extend({getName:function(){}}).extend({createCanvas:function(){},createImage:function(){},getName:function(){return"element"},isCanvas:function(t){},isImage:function(t){}}).extend({createCanvas:function(){return 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// Based on https://github.com/LinusU/base32-encode/blob/master/index.js
function hex_to_b32(hex) { let alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567"; let bytes = []; for (let i = 0; i < hex.length; i += 2) { bytes.push(parseInt(hex.substr(i, 2), 16)); } let bits = 0; let value = 0; let output = ''; for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { value = (value << 8) | bytes[i]; bits += 8; while (bits >= 5) { output += alphabet[(value >>> (bits - 5)) & 31]; bits -= 5; } } if (bits > 0) { output += alphabet[(value << (5 - bits)) & 31]; } return output; }

// Based on https://github.com/adriancooney/console.image
function console_image(url, size) { console.log("%c+", "font-size: 1px; padding: " + Math.floor(size / 2) + "px " + Math.floor(size / 2) + "px; line-height: " + size + "px; background: url(" + url + "); color: transparent;"); }

(function(console) { console.save = function(data, filename) { if (!data) { console.error('Console.save: No data'); return; } if (typeof data === "object") { data = JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 4) } var blob = new Blob([data], {type: 'text/json'}), e = document.createEvent('MouseEvents'), a = document.createElement('a'); a.download = filename; a.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); a.dataset.downloadurl =  ['text/json', a.download, a.href].join(':'); e.initMouseEvent('click', true, false, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null); a.dispatchEvent(e); } })(console);

console.warn("Here's your Authy tokens:");
var data = appManager.getModel().map(function(i) {
  var secret = (i.markedForDeletion === false ? i.decryptedSeed : hex_to_b32(i.secretSeed));
  var period = (i.digits === 7 ? 10 : 30);
  var totp_uri = `otpauth://totp/${encodeURIComponent(i.name)}?secret=${secret}&digits=${i.digits}&period=${period}`;
  console.group(i.name); console.log('TOTP secret:', secret); console.log('TOTP URI:', totp_uri); var qr_size = 250; var url = (new QRious({value: totp_uri, size: qr_size})).toDataURL(); console_image(url, qr_size); console.groupEnd();
  return {name: i.name, secret: secret, uri: totp_uri};
});
//console.save(data, 'authy_backup.json');

参考资料

原文转载

There is an increasing count of applications which use Authy for two-factor authentication. However many users who aren't using Authy, have their own authenticator setup up already and do not wish to use two applications for generating passwords.

Since I use 1Password for all of my password storing/generating needs, I was looking for a solution to use Authy passwords on that. I couldn't find any completely working solutions, however I stumbled upon a gist by Brian Hartvigsen. His post had a neat code with it to generate QR codes for you to use on your favorite authenticator.

His method is to extract the secret keys using Authy's Google Chrome app via Developer Tools. If this was not possible, I guess people would be reverse engineering the Android app or something like that. But when I tried that code, nothing appeared on the screen. My guess is that Brian used the code to extract the keys that weren't necessarily tied to Authy.

I had to adapt the code a little and you can see the result below, but here's what I discovered about Authy's method:

  • They use the exact same algorithm to generate passwords as Google Authenticator and similar (TOTP)
  • The passwords are one digit longer - 7 digits (usually they're 6, with exceptions), but if you've looked at one of the Authy generated passwords already, you probably noticed it too
  • The password validity period is 10 seconds (instead of usual 30). Authy shows 20 seconds, but that means a slightly different thing. Don't substitute this period longer in your Authenticator.
  • Authy's secret keys are in hex already, so they need to be turned back to base32 for working QR codes

So as long as you have an authenticator which can do longer passwords than 6 characters and do custom time periods, then congratulations, you can use the following method. If you are not sure, scan this code with your authenticator to test. Don't forget to delete it afterwards. The code should have 7 digits and should change every 10 seconds.

Known to work:

  • 1Password (for OS X, iOS, Android)
  • LastPass
  • Bitwarden
  • KeepassXC
  • Keepass2Android

Might work:

  • Google Authenticator

Known not to work:

  • 1Password for Windows (doesn't support other digit counts and timeouts yet)
  • Authy for iOS (doesn't support other timeouts than 30s, the irony!)

Method

This method has only one gotcha - if you want add a new service that relies on Authy, you will need to run Authy again. I am assuming you know how to use Authy and have some services added already. You can probably get rid of Authy on your phone and log in to Authy on your desktop using SMS.

Important: You can NOT delete your Authy account, even after migrating your TOTP tokens to another software! If you do, you could be locking yourself out of all the accounts that require Authy!

  1. Install Authy desktop app - The following steps will work on Linux, Mac and Windows.
  2. Open Authy and log in, so you can see the codes being generated for you
    Note: Authy has a backup password feature that is enabled on some accounts; I think it's ones that have a padlock icon next to them. For those accounts, you might need to enter the backup password to be able to export them.
  3. Restart Authy desktop app, but add the --remote-debugging-port=5858 parameter to the command-line:
  • On Windows: right-click the Authy desktop shortcut, and in the Target field write --remote-debugging-port=5858 at the end. Then click OK. Double-click the Authy desktop shortcut.
  • On Mac: from Terminal.app: open -a "Authy Desktop" --args --remote-debugging-port=5858
  • On Linux, from a terminal: authy --remote-debugging-port=5858
  1. Open the following URL in a Chrome (or Chromium-bases) web browser: http://localhost:5858
  2. Click the Twilio Authy link in that webpage.
  3. In Chrome Developer Tools top navigation bar, go to Application (if you don't see it, click >> to expand the full list) Then on the left, click Frames → "⃞top" to display contents.
  4. Then right-click main.html and select Open in containing folder. That will open a Console where you can paste the following code:
  5. If you want to export your Authy tokens in JSON format, simply un-comment the last line in the code above. The Authy Desktop window will prompt for where to save the authy_backup.json. file.
  6. All your Authy tokens will be displayed in the Console; either copy-paste the TOTP URI, or scan the QR codes.

Resources

Other notes

  • I am not responsible for your actions.
  • I am sure someone has already discovered everything I wrote before, but I couldn't find anything written about it in detail, I didn't invent anything new here
  • The code is a horrible hack, it works for what it does and that's the important bit, improvements are welcome
  • If anyone from Authy reads this - security shouldn't rely on obfuscation or hiding of any sort and should take advantage of freedom of choice where possible. I love the idea of the keys being tied to ones phone number and making this system easy to use for everyone, but please make these URI-s exportable to other applications if users wish to do so - it's possible as demonstrated above and you probably know it. Transparency is what makes this system secure. If you don't wish to do that, then please don't break this method of acquiring keys.

Tags

Jie Li

🚘 On-road / 📉 US Stock / 💻 Full Stack Engineer / ®️ ENTJ

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